Researchers at the University of California, Davis, will explore ways to speed production of the Ebola drug Zmapp with a $200,000 rapid-response grant from the National Science Foundation.

Developed by Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc. of San Diego, in collaboration with the U.S. government and partners in Canada, Zmapp is a cocktail of antibodies produced in and extracted from whole tobacco plants. The UC Davis team, including plant scientists, molecular biologists and chemical engineers, will attempt to produce the antibodies from plant cells grown in bioreactors instead of in whole plants.

Extracting the drug from whole plants is a proven process but production capacity is limited at this time, said Karen McDonald, professor of chemical engineering and materials science.

"Whereas if we can produce it in a bioreactor, a lot of biotech companies and contract manufacturers can do that, and it would allow for much more rapid production," McDonald said.

Mapp's technology uses a type of bacteria to transiently transfer the monoclonal antibodies’ DNA into plants. The plants do not permanently carry the new DNA or pass it on to the next generation. A week or so after the transfer, the plants are ground up to extract the monoclonal antibodies.

The UC Davis team will use the same type of bacteria to infect plant cells, then attempt to grow them in the laboratory, starting with volumes of a few liters and scaling up to a 100-liter bioreactor. Biotech companies use similar methods to produce drugs and vaccines from cultures of animal cells, bacteria and yeast.

"This is about proof of concept," said Somen Nandi, managing director of the Global HealthShare Initiative at UC Davis, which aims to speed development of low-cost health-care solutions for developing countries, including a rabies vaccine grown in tobacco plants. If successful, the technique could potentially be applied to other antibodies used as drugs or vaccines.

Other team members are Ray Rodriguez, UC Davis professor of molecular cell biology and director of the Global HealthShare Initiative; Abhaya Dandekar, UC Davis professor of plant sciences; and Professor Kazuhito Fujiyama, Osaka University, Japan.